The crisis has resulted in severe public health consequences, with health authorities reporting over 50 deaths, more than 100 cases of blindness, and over 500 people seeking medical treatment after consuming toxic or substandard alcohol. Investigators found that some producers used methanol, industrial chemicals, and other unauthorized materials in alcoholic drinks.

Rwanda has responded with a broad crackdown, closing or suspending numerous manufacturing facilities, recalling multiple alcoholic brands, and tightening controls on ethanol imports. The Rwanda Standards Board has suspended S-Mark quality certifications for several producers.

The investigation has so far led to 104 arrests and 97 case files prepared or processed, with many sent for prosecution. Authorities are examining whether regulatory failures, corruption, or other misconduct allowed unsafe products to reach consumers, and the public has been urged to avoid cheap, unlabelled, or suspicious alcoholic drinks.